The PJSIP channel driver in Asterisk Open Source 12.x before 12.1.1, when qualify_frequency "is enabled on an AOR and the remote SIP server challenges for authentication of the resulting OPTIONS request," allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via a PJSIP endpoint that does not have an associated outgoing request.
The product receives input or data, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates that the input has the properties that are required to process the data safely and correctly.