The Linux kernel before 4.8 allows local users to bypass ASLR on setuid programs (such as /bin/su) because install_exec_creds() is called too late in load_elf_binary() in fs/binfmt_elf.c, and thus the ptrace_may_access() check has a race condition when reading /proc/pid/stat.
The product contains a concurrent code sequence that requires temporary, exclusive access to a shared resource, but a timing window exists in which the shared resource can be modified by another code sequence operating concurrently.