A parsing issue in the handling of directory paths was addressed with improved path validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Catalina 10.15.2, Security Update 2019-002 Mojave, and Security Update 2019-007 High Sierra. A remote attacker may be able to overwrite existing files.
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.
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https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT210788 | release notes vendor advisory |