A use-after-free vulnerability when parsing a specially crafted file in Esri ArcGIS Server 10.8.1 (and earlier) allows an authenticated attacker with specialized permissions to achieve arbitrary code execution in the context of the service account.
The product reuses or references memory after it has been freed. At some point afterward, the memory may be allocated again and saved in another pointer, while the original pointer references a location somewhere within the new allocation. Any operations using the original pointer are no longer valid because the memory "belongs" to the code that operates on the new pointer.