A SQL injection vulnerability exists in some configurations of ArcGIS Server versions 10.8.1 and earlier. Specially crafted web requests can expose information that is not intended to be disclosed (not customer datasets). Web Services that use file based data sources (file Geodatabase or Shape Files or tile cached services) are unaffected by this issue.
The product constructs all or part of an SQL command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended SQL command when it is sent to a downstream component. Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data.