CVE-2025-1727

End-of-Train and Head-of-Train Remote Linking Protocol Weak Authentication

Description

The protocol used for remote linking over RF for End-of-Train and Head-of-Train (also known as a FRED) relies on a BCH checksum for packet creation. It is possible to create these EoT and HoT packets with a software defined radio and issue brake control commands to the EoT device, disrupting operations or potentially overwhelming the brake systems.

Remediation

Workaround:

  • The Association of American Railroads (AAR) is pursuing new equipment and protocols which should replace traditional End-of-Train and Head-of-Train devices. The standards committees involved in these updates are aware of the vulnerability and are investigating mitigating solutions. The AAR Railroad Electronics Standards Committee (RESC) maintains this protocol which is used by multiple manufacturers across the industry, including Hitachi Rail STS USA, Wabtec, Siemens, and others. Users of EoT/HoT devices are recommended to contact their own device manufacturers with questions.

Category

7.2
CVSS
Severity: High
CVSS 4.0 •
CVSS 3.1 •
EPSS 0.02%
Affected: End-of-Train and Head-of-Train remote linking protocol End-of-Train and Head-of-Train remote linking protocol
Published at:
Updated at:

References

Link Tags
https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-25-191-10

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the severity of CVE-2025-1727?
CVE-2025-1727 has been scored as a high severity vulnerability.
How to fix CVE-2025-1727?
As a workaround for remediating CVE-2025-1727: The Association of American Railroads (AAR) is pursuing new equipment and protocols which should replace traditional End-of-Train and Head-of-Train devices. The standards committees involved in these updates are aware of the vulnerability and are investigating mitigating solutions. The AAR Railroad Electronics Standards Committee (RESC) maintains this protocol which is used by multiple manufacturers across the industry, including Hitachi Rail STS USA, Wabtec, Siemens, and others. Users of EoT/HoT devices are recommended to contact their own device manufacturers with questions.
Is CVE-2025-1727 being actively exploited in the wild?
As for now, there are no information to confirm that CVE-2025-1727 is being actively exploited. According to its EPSS score, there is a ~0% probability that this vulnerability will be exploited by malicious actors in the next 30 days.
What software or system is affected by CVE-2025-1727?
CVE-2025-1727 affects End-of-Train and Head-of-Train remote linking protocol End-of-Train and Head-of-Train remote linking protocol.
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